A Rich History

Powder Valley in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, once served as the home of three generations of redware potters - Charles, Thomas and Isaac, and Russell Stahl and artist Carrie Stahl Schultz.

Redware, a specific type of low-fired, porous earthenware, received its name from the distinctive color of the native clays which the potter dug, processed, and turned on the potter’s wheel.

Redware was an important Pennsylvania German porduct, first as a utilitarian ware and later as a decorative art. Powder Valley, named for the early gun powder mills along the Indian Creek, provided three key ingredients to the potting industry:
- Wood to fuel the kiln
- Distinctive and attractive veins of red clay
- An abundance of markets.

The Stahl family operated a pottery off and on for approximately 100 years. With Russell’s death in 1986, descendants of Thomas Stahl decided to purchase the pottery at public auction in 1987 in order to preserve the Stahl family potting tradition. They formed the Stahl’s Pottery Preservation Society, Inc. in the summer of 1987.

Charles Stahl

Charles Stahl was born in 1828 and served an apprenticeship with John Krauss, a potter located in Lower Milford Township in Lehigh County. Census records indicate that sometime after 1850, Charles Stahl began his pottery in Powder Valley. Charles Stahl was a traditional redware potter producing utilitarian pieces such as apple butter crocks, milk and cream pots, baking pans, pie plates, and bowls. A traditional potter served a small community or several communities and generally performed all of the necessary potting tasks by hand or with the use of water or horse power. Pieces were fashioned several ways within a traditional shop, either turned on a potter’s wheel or drape molded. Charles trained three of his sons, James, Thomas, and Isaac, in the art of potting. In 1896, Charles died and since James and Thomas had left the business prior to their father's death, it was offered to Isaac to assume control of the business. Initially, he rehired his brother Thomas, and later they formed a partnership, maintaining their father's business until 1902-03. Competition from improved technology and mechanized ceramic production forced the closing of the pottery.

Charles Stahl

Charles Stahl

Charles and Fayetta Stahl family

Charles and Fayetta Stahl family

Charles and Fayetta Stahl homestead in the village of Powder Valley

Charles and Fayetta Stahl homestead in the village of Powder Valley

View of Charles Stahl's pottery building (left rear of photo) and homestead (right rear of photo)

View of Charles Stahl's pottery building (left rear of photo) and homestead (right rear of photo)


Isaac and Thomas Stahl

Isaac and Thomas Stahl

Isaac and Thomas Stahl

Thomas and Isaac at the kiln doorway

Thomas and Isaac at the kiln doorway

Thomas at the wheel

Thomas at the wheel

Isaac at the wheel

Isaac at the wheel

In 1934, Isaac and Tom were 61 and 70 years of age respectively, when they built the kiln, thus reviving the pottery. They operated it together for nine years in their own relaxed, Pennsylvania Dutch way. Tom died in December, 1942, and within a few months Isaac closed the pottery, mainly because World War II had restricted access to potting supplies. After the war, Isaac resumed operating the pottery until his death in 1950. The revived pottery operated on a small farm owned by Thomas in Powder Valley. In the winter of 1932 work began to transform the existing barn into a workroom, a clay processing area, and a storage room. In the spring of 1933, Isaac and Tom, along with their brother James, erected the round, wood-fueled kiln about twenty feet behind the barn. The first pieces were fired in the new kiln in 1934. In the revived pottery, the brothers combined their traditional nineteenth-century pottery techniques with improved glaze and firing techniques created by the Industrial Revolution. In addition, the Arts and Crafts Movement, which was established in England in the late nineteenth century as a reaction to the Industrial Revolution, impacted heavily on America. The effects of this aesthetic movement improved the market for the Stahl's products.

Thomas and Isaac produced a variety of utilitarian and decorative redware ceramics, including ordinary pieces such as bowls and pitchers, and also filled special orders for bird baths, inkwells, and ash trays. The majority of pieces were carefully marked with the potter's name, the date, and sometimes the weather or a personalized message for a customer. Pieces were decorated with a variety of techniques: incising, colored glazes, slip, and sgraffito.

After drying for several weeks, the pieces were fired in the wood-fueled kiln. An all-day process, the kiln was stoked very early in the morning and left to burn the entire day. Proper control of the fires in the fire boxes proved as important as the turning of the pieces and the crucial alignment in loading the kiln prior to firing. Customers came to witness the firing event, as it was spectacular with colored flames shooting many feet into the air out of the vents on top of the kiln, and there was a peculiar smell of hot clay permeating the air. Family members often gathered for a picnic on this day, roasting hot dogs and marshmallows and sharing family camaraderie. The kiln had to cool for about a week before it could be unloaded. Again customers arrived on the day of unloading, especially if they had placed a special order.

In the thirty years between closing their father's  pottery business and reviving their pottery, the brothers remained in the area although not always in Powder Valley. Each of the brothers raised families of eight children. Both Thomas and Isaac engaged in a variety of entrepreneurial activities.

Before returning to pottery making, Thomas' career included the following:

  • Pursued the carpentry trade, becoming a master carpenter after apprenticing under a cousin who had a contracting business in Philadelphia

  • Was part owner in a tobacco shop in Powder Valley

  • Was secretary of a cottage building company located in Powder Valley

  • Became well-known for his food preparation including pot cheese and "Dew Drops" (a frozen treat)

  • Helped found Milford Park Campmeeting Association and served as construction supervisor for the buildings

Before returning to pottery making, Isaac's career included the following activities:

  • Woodworking

  • Self-employed doing cement and stone masonry work

  • Was employed for majority of this period at the Boyertown Casket Company

  • During WWII, while Stahl's Pottery was shutdown, was supervisor/ inspector for bomb guidance assembly at Bally Case & Cooler (Bally, PA)

  • Was very active in music including giving musical instrument lessons, founding the Bally Cadet Band (Germania Band until WWII) and the Powder Valley Band, and playing in other local bands

Three events that occurred in the late 1920s and early 1930s served as the catalyst for the pottery revival, which resulted in the complex known today as Stahl's Pottery.

  1. Pieces of nineteenth-century redware made in Charles' pottery, which originally sold for a few cents, now brought a couple of dollars at local auctions.

  2. Jacob Medinger, an old-fashioned Pennsylvania German redware potter in Neiffer, Montgomery County, died in a tragic kiln accident, and newspapers proclaimed the last of the Pennsylvania German redware potters was now gone.

  3. Isaac's first thought was to write to the newspapers and tell them that three brothers existed who could throw pots in the old, traditional way. Instead, he and his brother Thomas conducted research on old Pennsylvania German pottery. They discovered that these pieces were now considered historical, collectible, and antiques, especially the decorative slip and sgraffito wares. Many of the finest pieces were owned by private collectors or museums like the Philadelphia Museum of Art.


Russell Stahl

From the very beginning of the pottery revival, the brothers searched for someone to learn the potter's tradition and carry on the craft. Children and particularly grandchildren spent hours at the pottery watching, learning, and helping Tom and Isaac. Isaac recorded his glaze formulas, his test firings and results, firing procedures and any hints that might help the next generation of potters. Finally, after much persuasion and the conclusion of World War II, Isaac’s son, Russell, entered an apprenticeship at the pottery. He worked side by side with his father until Isaac died in 1950. Russell maintained the pottery sporadically for a few years after his father's death, and in 1956 the kiln was fired for the last time.

Russell expressed interest in rekindling the pottery in 1976 in conjunction with the Bicentennial celebration. He gave pottery lessons during this time, and there are signed and dated pottery items from that period. These pieces were fired in an electric kiln. With his death in August of 1986, all activity at the pottery ceased.

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Russell signing a piece

Russell holding a finished piece

Russell holding a finished piece

Russell with wheelbarrow by woodpile, next to the kiln

Russell with wheelbarrow by woodpile, next to the kiln

Russell stacking pottery in the kiln

Russell stacking pottery in the kiln

Carrie Stahl Schultz and Russell Stahl, in front of kiln in 1985

Carrie Stahl Schultz and Russell Stahl, in front of kiln in 1985

Russell at the wheel

Russell at the wheel


Carrie Stahl Schultz

 Thomas' daughter, Carrie Stahl Schultz, played an important role in the decorative process. She embellished pie plates with slip and sgraffito designs almost from the beginning of the revived pottery. Carrie was a talented, artistic woman who enjoyed drawing. She was particularly fond of animals and often incorporated them into her art work, including hand-crafting sculpted, clay animals.

Carrie Stahl with potting shed and kiln in the background

Carrie Stahl with potting shed and kiln in the background

Carrie decorating sgraffito plate in pottery room

Carrie decorating sgraffito plate in pottery room

Carrie hand sculpting animals in pottery room

Carrie hand sculpting animals in pottery room

Animals sculpted by Carrie

Animals sculpted by Carrie


Stahl’s Pottery Today

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 Today, the pottery site contains the Thomas and Alice Stahl House, the round, wood-fired pottery kiln, the pottery building, and a building in which cheese was made by Thomas Stahl. Artifacts related to the pottery's operation, including the pug mill and engine, two of Tom and Isaac’s potter's wheels, photographs, documents, and an extensive collection of Thomas, Isaac, and Russell’s pottery have been acquired and are on display in the pottery building and the Thomas and Alice Stahl House Museum.

Today, Stahl’s Pottery Preservation Society (SPPS) hosts an annual Summer & Fall Pottery Festival, on the grounds of the pottery site, on the 3rd Saturday in June., and the 1st Saturday in October. Local (and regional) potters come to display and sell their traditional and contemporary pottery. Tours and special events can be arranged by appointment, please contact us at: inquiry@stahlspottery.com